module 1 of 7 · 35 min

Tokenization

Convert raw text into stable units for retrieval or models.

Explain Tokenization clearlyImplement a small Tokenization exampleEvaluate whether Tokenization improves a simpler baselineIdentify failure cases and operational constraints
learning statenot started
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mental model

start with the idea before the implementation.

Tokenization decides what the system considers an atomic unit and therefore shapes vocabulary and statistics.
core concepts

the mechanisms you need to reason about.

01

Normalization

Normalization is studied through intuition implementation evidence and trade-offs. The goal is to be able to explain the mechanism and verify it with a concrete test rather than only repeat a definition.

02

Word/subword units

Word/subword units is studied through intuition implementation evidence and trade-offs. The goal is to be able to explain the mechanism and verify it with a concrete test rather than only repeat a definition.

03

Special tokens

Special tokens is studied through intuition implementation evidence and trade-offs. The goal is to be able to explain the mechanism and verify it with a concrete test rather than only repeat a definition.

04

Unknown terms

Unknown terms is studied through intuition implementation evidence and trade-offs. The goal is to be able to explain the mechanism and verify it with a concrete test rather than only repeat a definition.

engineering lab

turn the lesson into evidence.

LAB 1

build a tokenizer baseline

Build the smallest version first. Record the input, expected output, measured result and one failure you discovered.

LAB 2

compare word and subword behavior

Build the smallest version first. Record the input, expected output, measured result and one failure you discovered.

LAB 3

measure vocabulary size

Build the smallest version first. Record the input, expected output, measured result and one failure you discovered.

knowledge checks

prove you can explain and decide.

1

handle punctuation and casing

ask cortex to test me →
2

explain OOV behavior

ask cortex to test me →
3

preserve important technical symbols

ask cortex to test me →
failure modes

what usually goes wrong.

risk

destructive normalization

Detect this early by defining a baseline, a measurable signal and a condition that would cause you to stop or redesign the approach.

risk

language bias

Detect this early by defining a baseline, a measurable signal and a condition that would cause you to stop or redesign the approach.

risk

inconsistent train/inference rules

Detect this early by defining a baseline, a measurable signal and a condition that would cause you to stop or redesign the approach.

proof of learning

Create a short Tokenization engineering note with one working artifact one metric one failure case and one decision about when you would or would not use it.

Save the result in your portfolio or project repository. A strong learning artifact should make your assumptions, metrics and failure analysis visible.